There are many possible causes of lower back pain, including:

• Muscle or ligament strain from lifting, twisting, or sudden movement
• Herniated or bulging discs (lumbar disc herniation) pressing on nearby nerves
• Sciatica (radiating nerve pain traveling down the leg)
• Degenerative disc disease due to aging and wear
• Lumbar spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal)
• Spondylolisthesis (slippage of one vertebra over another)
• Work-related or sports-related lower back injuries
• Poor posture or prolonged sitting leading to lower back strain

In many cases, more than one factor may be contributing to your symptoms.

Symptoms can vary depending on the cause, but often include:

• Dull, aching pain in the lower back
• Sharp or stabbing pain with movement
• Pain that radiates into the buttocks or legs (sciatica)
• Muscle tightness or spasms
• Stiffness or reduced range of motion
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs

While some cases of lower back pain improve on their own, you should seek medical attention if you experience:

• Pain lasting longer than 1–2 weeks
• Severe or worsening pain
• Pain that radiates down the leg
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness
• Pain following an injury, fall, or car accident
• Difficulty walking, standing, or performing daily activities

Early evaluation can help prevent long-term complications and chronic pain.

If necessary, diagnostic testing may be recommended, such as:

• X-rays to evaluate bone structure
• MRI or CT scans to assess discs and nerves
• EMG / nerve conduction studies to evaluate nerve function

These tests help ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide the most effective treatment plan.

As a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation specialist, my focus is on treating pain without surgery whenever possible. Treatment options may include:

• Physical therapy to improve strength, flexibility, and posture
• Targeted exercise and rehabilitation programs
• Trigger point injections for muscle-related pain
• Facet or epidural injections to reduce inflammation and nerve irritation
• Nerve blocks for persistent pain
• Medications to manage pain and inflammation
• Lifestyle and ergonomic modifications

Treatment is always tailored to your specific condition and goals.